,The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has undertaken an amended evaluation of pyrogallol to reassess its safety in cosmetic formulations. Pyrogallol (CAS No. 87-66-1), chemically known as 1,2,3-benzenetriol, is primarily used as an oxidative hair dye ingredient and colorant. While the ingredient was previously deemed safe in 1991 under the conditions of use reported at that time, advancements in toxicological science and updated regulatory expectations have prompted a renewed and more comprehensive review. The amended assessment integrates historical findings with newly available scientific literature and updated industry use data. The Panel carefully examined endpoints including genotoxicity, dermal absorption, irritation, sensitization, and repeated-dose toxicity. Particular concern was noted regarding the adequacy of genotoxicity studies with metabolic activation, as well as the need for clearer information on maximum concentration of use and real-world exposure levels during hair dye application. Despite its long-standing presence in cosmetic products, the current dataset contains notable gaps. As a result, the Expert Panel determined that available evidence remains insufficient to reach a definitive safety conclusion. Additional robust toxicological and exposure data are required to fully characterize the safety profile of pyrogallol under contemporary conditions of cosmetic use.
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